Farnell GREEK CONDITIONAL AND RELATIVE SENTENCES - text
Posted: Thu Apr 21, 2016 4:05 pm
REAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN PRESENT TIME,
PARTICULAR 0R GENERAL.
(EXERCISES I. A., Ι. B.)
There are two kinds :
(a) The supposition may be called ‘particular’ when the conditional clause relates to an act or acts occurring at one particular time or on a certain definite number of occasions, or to a permanent state of things, e.g.:
If he is now present he hears us-—If you have done this
six times, I am pleased—If he is brave he is worthy
of praise.
(b) The supposition may be called ‘ general’ when
an indefinite series of occasions is referred to, e.g.:
“ If ever you have money, you always give it to the poor.”
In (a) the construction in the Protasis in Greek is identical with that in English, i.e. εἰ with the present, or sometimes the perfect, Indicative, e.g.: εἰ νῦν πάρεστιν, ἀκούει - εἰ ταῦτα ἑξάκις πέπραχας, ἥδομαι - εἰ ἀνδρεῖός ἐστιν, ἄξιός ἐστιν ἐπαίνου.
In (b) not εἰ but ἐάν is used, accompanied like all compounds of ἄυ by the Subjunctive mood, e.g.: ἐάν ποτε χρήματα ἔχῃς, δίδως τοῖς πένησιν.
(Note—In such cases the so-called conditional clause is really not conditional but temporal, as is shown by the fact. that instead of saying ‘if ever you have money,’ or ἐὰν χρήματα ἔχῃς, we can say with identical meaning, ‘ whenever you have money,’ ὅταν χρήματα ἔχῃς’.)
In both (a) and b) the Apodosis presents no difficulty, and is to be translated into Greek just as if no conditional clause accompanied it.
Distinguish then in Exercises I. A and B between:
Present Particular conditionals.
and Present General conditionals.
I. A.
1. Εἰ βούλει ἀνδρεῖος δοκεῖν, μὴ φοβηθῇς ἐκεῖνον τὸν κύνα.
2. Ἐάν τις τοιαῦτα φῇ ψεύστης ἐστὶν, ἢ οὐδὲν οἶδε περὶ τούτων.
3. (a) Εἰ μὴ ἀλγεῖς τὴν κεφαλὴν, ὦ γύναι, μὴ μεταπέμψῃ τὸν ἰατρόν.
(b) Ἐὰν μὴ ἀλγῇς τὴν κεφαλὴν, μὴ μεταπέμπου τὸν ἰατρόν.
4. Πάντες οἱ τοιαῦτα πράττοντες, ἐὰν ἁλῶσι, δίκην δωσουσιν· ἀλλ’ εἴ τις νῦν τοῦτο πράττειν βούλεται, οἱ στρατηγοὶ οὐκ εἴσονται ὅστις ἐστίν.
5. Ἐάν τις μὴ πάντα τὰ ἑαυτοῦ διδῷ τῷ βασιλεῖ, οὐκ ἐπαινεῖται.
6. Εἰ δίκαιος κριτὴς εἷ, μὴ παραβῇς τοὺς τῆς πόλεως νόμους.
7. Ἐὰν ἐθέλῃς τοῖς πένησιν ἀρέσκειν, μὴ τοὺς πλουσίους ὠφέλει.
8. Εἰ ἐθέλεις ἐμοὶ ἀρέσκειν, εὖ ποίησον τοὺς σοὺς δούλους.
9. Εἰ μὴ οἱ φιλόσοφοι ταῦθ’ ἡμῖν δοῦναι ἐθέλουσιν, οὐκ ἄριστοι εἰσιν ἀλλ’ αἴσχιστοι.
10. Τοῦτον οὖν λαβὼν ἀπόκτεινον, εἰ μὴ ἀποπέφευγεν ἤδη.
11. Κακῶς πεποίηκας, εἰ πάντα τὸν οἶνον πέπωκας.
12. Ἐάν τις πολὺν οἶνον πίνῃ, πολλάκις ἀλγεῖ τοὺς πόδας.
13. Οὐ χρὴ φάναι ὅπου ἐστὶν ἐκεῖνος, εἰ μὴ κεκέλευκεν ὁ δεσπότης.
14. Μὴ ταῦτα τοῖς κακοῖς ἐκείνοις ὑπηρετήσῃς, εἰ βούλει ὑφ’ ἡμῶν τιμᾶσθαι.
15. Εἰ ἡμεῖς γιγνώσκομεν τὴν μητέρα, ὑμεῖς γιγνώσκετε τὴν θυγατέρα.
16. Εἰ τοὺς στρατιώτας ἐπαινεῖ, μῶρός ἐστιν.
17. Ἐάν ποτε τοῖς στρατιώταις μέμφηται, οὐ πείθονται αὐτῷ.
18. Οὐ δύνασαι τοιαῦτα πράττειν, εἰ μὴ μεμάθηκας.
19. Οὐ ταῦτα πεποίηκας, εἰ ἀληθεύει ὁ φύλαξ.
20. Ἐάν τε βούλωνται, ἐάν τε μή, ἀεὶ αὐτοὺς ἐπαινεῖ.
I. B.
1. If we never disobey the laws, they are not painful to us.
2. If you are deceiving me, you are acting disgracefully.
3. If you deceive a benefactor, you do not please the gods.
4. If this is so, it is useless for us to fight the enemy.
5. These nations are not brave, unless they drink much wine.
6. If the wise are ignorant about anything, who can find out the truth?
7. If you ever see a wolf, run away as fast as possible;
8. If you see the enemy approaching, Cyrus is dead.
9. If you are-thirsty, drink this wine.
10. Never drink water if you have wine.
11. We ought to give 5 talents to the poor, if they are really faring very badly in Athens.
12. If you wish to be honored by us, do not help those
men.
13. If they have killed the large dog, why do you not enter the house ?
14. No-one praises a man, if he abuses his parents.
15. Put Socrates to death, if he is really corrupting the young men.
16. If he is always doing this, I do not think him wise.
17. If you have not killed the king, you have not obeyed me.
18. How can you know Plato, if you have never stayed in Athens ?
19. If what you say is true, you have not acted justly.
20. If any of the philosophers are now absent, I do not blame them.
PARTICULAR 0R GENERAL.
(EXERCISES I. A., Ι. B.)
There are two kinds :
(a) The supposition may be called ‘particular’ when the conditional clause relates to an act or acts occurring at one particular time or on a certain definite number of occasions, or to a permanent state of things, e.g.:
If he is now present he hears us-—If you have done this
six times, I am pleased—If he is brave he is worthy
of praise.
(b) The supposition may be called ‘ general’ when
an indefinite series of occasions is referred to, e.g.:
“ If ever you have money, you always give it to the poor.”
In (a) the construction in the Protasis in Greek is identical with that in English, i.e. εἰ with the present, or sometimes the perfect, Indicative, e.g.: εἰ νῦν πάρεστιν, ἀκούει - εἰ ταῦτα ἑξάκις πέπραχας, ἥδομαι - εἰ ἀνδρεῖός ἐστιν, ἄξιός ἐστιν ἐπαίνου.
In (b) not εἰ but ἐάν is used, accompanied like all compounds of ἄυ by the Subjunctive mood, e.g.: ἐάν ποτε χρήματα ἔχῃς, δίδως τοῖς πένησιν.
(Note—In such cases the so-called conditional clause is really not conditional but temporal, as is shown by the fact. that instead of saying ‘if ever you have money,’ or ἐὰν χρήματα ἔχῃς, we can say with identical meaning, ‘ whenever you have money,’ ὅταν χρήματα ἔχῃς’.)
In both (a) and b) the Apodosis presents no difficulty, and is to be translated into Greek just as if no conditional clause accompanied it.
Distinguish then in Exercises I. A and B between:
Present Particular conditionals.
and Present General conditionals.
I. A.
1. Εἰ βούλει ἀνδρεῖος δοκεῖν, μὴ φοβηθῇς ἐκεῖνον τὸν κύνα.
2. Ἐάν τις τοιαῦτα φῇ ψεύστης ἐστὶν, ἢ οὐδὲν οἶδε περὶ τούτων.
3. (a) Εἰ μὴ ἀλγεῖς τὴν κεφαλὴν, ὦ γύναι, μὴ μεταπέμψῃ τὸν ἰατρόν.
(b) Ἐὰν μὴ ἀλγῇς τὴν κεφαλὴν, μὴ μεταπέμπου τὸν ἰατρόν.
4. Πάντες οἱ τοιαῦτα πράττοντες, ἐὰν ἁλῶσι, δίκην δωσουσιν· ἀλλ’ εἴ τις νῦν τοῦτο πράττειν βούλεται, οἱ στρατηγοὶ οὐκ εἴσονται ὅστις ἐστίν.
5. Ἐάν τις μὴ πάντα τὰ ἑαυτοῦ διδῷ τῷ βασιλεῖ, οὐκ ἐπαινεῖται.
6. Εἰ δίκαιος κριτὴς εἷ, μὴ παραβῇς τοὺς τῆς πόλεως νόμους.
7. Ἐὰν ἐθέλῃς τοῖς πένησιν ἀρέσκειν, μὴ τοὺς πλουσίους ὠφέλει.
8. Εἰ ἐθέλεις ἐμοὶ ἀρέσκειν, εὖ ποίησον τοὺς σοὺς δούλους.
9. Εἰ μὴ οἱ φιλόσοφοι ταῦθ’ ἡμῖν δοῦναι ἐθέλουσιν, οὐκ ἄριστοι εἰσιν ἀλλ’ αἴσχιστοι.
10. Τοῦτον οὖν λαβὼν ἀπόκτεινον, εἰ μὴ ἀποπέφευγεν ἤδη.
11. Κακῶς πεποίηκας, εἰ πάντα τὸν οἶνον πέπωκας.
12. Ἐάν τις πολὺν οἶνον πίνῃ, πολλάκις ἀλγεῖ τοὺς πόδας.
13. Οὐ χρὴ φάναι ὅπου ἐστὶν ἐκεῖνος, εἰ μὴ κεκέλευκεν ὁ δεσπότης.
14. Μὴ ταῦτα τοῖς κακοῖς ἐκείνοις ὑπηρετήσῃς, εἰ βούλει ὑφ’ ἡμῶν τιμᾶσθαι.
15. Εἰ ἡμεῖς γιγνώσκομεν τὴν μητέρα, ὑμεῖς γιγνώσκετε τὴν θυγατέρα.
16. Εἰ τοὺς στρατιώτας ἐπαινεῖ, μῶρός ἐστιν.
17. Ἐάν ποτε τοῖς στρατιώταις μέμφηται, οὐ πείθονται αὐτῷ.
18. Οὐ δύνασαι τοιαῦτα πράττειν, εἰ μὴ μεμάθηκας.
19. Οὐ ταῦτα πεποίηκας, εἰ ἀληθεύει ὁ φύλαξ.
20. Ἐάν τε βούλωνται, ἐάν τε μή, ἀεὶ αὐτοὺς ἐπαινεῖ.
I. B.
1. If we never disobey the laws, they are not painful to us.
2. If you are deceiving me, you are acting disgracefully.
3. If you deceive a benefactor, you do not please the gods.
4. If this is so, it is useless for us to fight the enemy.
5. These nations are not brave, unless they drink much wine.
6. If the wise are ignorant about anything, who can find out the truth?
7. If you ever see a wolf, run away as fast as possible;
8. If you see the enemy approaching, Cyrus is dead.
9. If you are-thirsty, drink this wine.
10. Never drink water if you have wine.
11. We ought to give 5 talents to the poor, if they are really faring very badly in Athens.
12. If you wish to be honored by us, do not help those
men.
13. If they have killed the large dog, why do you not enter the house ?
14. No-one praises a man, if he abuses his parents.
15. Put Socrates to death, if he is really corrupting the young men.
16. If he is always doing this, I do not think him wise.
17. If you have not killed the king, you have not obeyed me.
18. How can you know Plato, if you have never stayed in Athens ?
19. If what you say is true, you have not acted justly.
20. If any of the philosophers are now absent, I do not blame them.