Here are the final set of answers which I will leave here for a bit in case anyone wants to comment further. (There are some formatting issues).
Many thanks to all who contributed to this project.
North and Hillard
Latin Prose Composition
Preliminary Exercises
(These Exercises from A to K are meant t o supply occasional practice in the more elementary rules not covered by this book. As they are not intended to be included in the course of the book, a separate vocabulary of the harder words is given at the foot of each)
Exercise A
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE;
ABLATIVE OF INSTRUMENT AND AGENT.
1. The land was ruled by a good king.
Terra ā rēge bonō regēbātur.
2. The soldier was killed by an arrow.
Mīles sagittā occīsus est.
3. The boy killed the bird with a stone.
Puer avem lapide interfēcit.
4. The Roman general was defeated by Hannibal.
Dux rōmānus ā Hannibale victus est.
5. The soldier killed the peasant with a sword.
Milēs gladiō agricolam interfēcit.
6. We have been conquered by the enemy.
Ab hostibus victī sumus.
7. The walls were defended by the citizens.
Mūrī ā cīvibus dēfēnsī sunt.
8. Our city was built by Romulus.
Urbs nostra ā Rōmulō aedificāta est.
9. The Romans fortified their city with a wall.
Rōmānī urbem mūrō mūnīvērunt.
10. Gaul is separated from Britain by the sea.
Gallia ā Britanniā marī dīviditur.
11. A high wall defends the camp.
Mūrus altus castra dēfendit.
12. We are loved by our friends, and we love them.
Ab amīcīs amāmur et eōs amāmus.
13. We shall not be conquered by the enemy.
Ab hostibus nōn vincēmur.
14. The camp is defended by a long wall.
Castra mūrō longō dēfenduntur.
15. The citizens defended the city.
Cīvēs urbem dēfendērunt
16. Cities are defended by the citizens.
Urbēs ā cīvibus dēfenduntur.
17. We have taken the camp.
Castra cēpimus.
18. The camp has been taken by us.
Castra ā nōbīs capta sunt.
19. They are teaching the boys.
Puerōs docent
20.The boys are taught by books.
Puerī librīs docentur.
arrow, sagitta.
stone, lapis ; gen. lapidis.
peasant, agricola, m. Ist decl. defend, dēfendere.
build, aedificāre.
fortify, munire.
separate, dīvidere.
friend, amīcus.
teach, docēre.
Exercise B.
COMMAND; REMOTER OBJECT.
1. Give me this book.
Dā mihi hunc librum.
2. Do not give him a sword, but give him arrows.
Nōlī eī dare gladium, sed (dā eī) sagittās.
Nōlite eī dare gladium, sed (date eī) sagittās.
3. Let us go, and let them remain here.
Nōs eāmus, illī autem hīc maneant.
4. Do not go home, but return to us.
Nōlī īre domum, sed ad nōs redī. Nōlite īre domum, sed ad nōs redīte.
5. Let him go away now, but come again.
Nunc quidem discēdat, sed redeat
6. Keep these books. Do not lose them.
Servā hōs librōs. Nōlī eōs perdere.
7.Let us fortify the city with walls.
Urbem moenibus mūniāmus.
8. Do not let us return to the city.
Nē ad urbem redeāmus.
9. Boys, obey your masters.
Puerī, magistrīs pārēte.
10. Let us spend the winter in the city.
In urbe hiemem agāmus
11. Do not remain at home.
Nōlī domī manēre.
12. Let them build ships. Let them not be afraid of the sea.
Nāves aedificent. Nē mare timeant.
13. Do not give me the book.
Nōlī librum mihi dare.
14. This is Caius's book--give it to him.
Hic liber Cāiī est, eum eī dā.
15. Do not let us remain here.
Nē hīc maneāmus.
16. Let him be killed.
Interficiātur.
17. Do not be afraid of the sea.
Nōlī mare timēre.
18. Citizens, defend the city with your arms.
Cīvēs urbem armīs dēfendite.
19. Give me the letter.
Dā mihi epistulam.
20. Let all return to the city.
Omnēs ad urbem redeant.
book, liber; gen. librī.
sword, gladius.
remain, manēre.
(to) home, domum.
at home, domī.
return, redīre.
again, rūrsus.
keep, servāre.
lose, perdere.
fortify, mūnīre.
obey, parere, dat.
spend (time), agere.
winter, hiems; gen. hiemis.
build, aedificāre.
be afraid of, fear, timēre.
defend, defendēre.
letter, epistola.
Exercise C.
APPOSITION; COMPOSITE SUBJECT.
1. Romulus, son of Mars, was the first king of the Romans.
Rōmulus, fīlius Martis, rēx prīmus Rōmānōrum fuit.
2.Obey the king, the father of his country.
Pārēte rēgī, patrī patriae.
3. You and your brother will be killed by the enemy.
Tū et fīlius tuus ab hostibus interficiēminī.
4. Caius and I are well.
Cāius et ego valēmus.
5. The youths were killed by their father, Brutus.
iuvenēs ā patre Brūtō interfectī sunt
6. You and I and our friends will set out.
Tū et ego et amīcī nostrī proficīscēmur.
7. The king and queen are dear to all of the citizens.
Rēx et rēgīna cārī omnibus cīvibus sunt.
8. By good laws Numa, the second king of Rome, benefited his country. Numa, rēx secundus Rōmae, lēgibus bonīs patriae prōfuit.
9. Both men and women were killed by the soldiers.
Et virī et fēminae ā mīlitibus interfectī sunt.
10. All of us love life, the greatest gift of the gods.
Omnēs vītam, dōnum deōrum maximum, amāmus.
11. The king lost his kingdom and his riches, the things most pleasant to him. Rēx rēgnum et dīvitiās, rēs eī iūcundissimās perdidit.
12. Citizens, obey me, your king.
Cīvēs, mihi pārēte, rēgī vestrō.
13. Neither the king nor his sons will be killed.
Neque rēx neque fīliī interficientur.
14. The king and his son Caius have been killed.
Rēx et Cāius fīlius interfectī sunt.
15. He and I will go away.
Is et ego discēdēmus.
16. Give the letter to me, your king.
Dā epistulam mihi, rēgī tuō.
17. She and her brother have been sent home.
Ea et frāter domum dīmissī sunt.
18. His father, the king of Italy, has sent him.
Pater eius, rēx Italiae, eum mīsit.
19. I have come to you, my own brother.
Ad tē vēnī, meum frātrem.
20. Both the men and the women are good citizens. Et virī et fēminae bonī cīvēs sunt.
obey, pārēre, dat.
country (fatherland), patria.
to be well, valēre.
youth, iuvenis.
friend, amīcus.
set out, proficiscī.
dear, cārus.
benefit, prōdesse, dat,
both men and women, et virī et fēminae.
gift, dōnum.
lose, perdere.
kingdom, regnum.
riches, dīvitiae.
pleasant, iūcundus.
letter, epistola.
Exercise D.
QUESTIONS; USE OF RELATIVE.
1. Who saw the man, who killed the king?
Quis virum vīdit, qui rēgem interfēcit.
2. Did you, who were present, see him?
Vīdistīne eum tū, qui aderās?
(vīdistisne eum vōs, quī aderātis?)
3. Did not Marius, the Roman general, conquer the Teutones.
Nōnne Marius, dux Rōmānus, Teutonōs vīcit?
4. He was not killed by the enemy, was he?
5. Has he lost the presents which you gave him?
Perdiditne dōna quae eī dedistī?
6. What general conquered the Teutones?
Quī dux Teutonōs vīcit?
7. What did you buy for your brother?
Quid frātrī tuō ēmistī?
8. I have lost the book which I bought for my brother.
Librum, quem frātrī meō ēmī, perdidī.
9. Whose son are you?
Cuius fīlius es?
10. Were you not present?
Nōnne aderās?
11. Surely he did not say that?
Num id nōn dīxit?
12. What name is dearest to you?
Quod nōmen tibi est cārissimum?
13.This is the book that I lost.
Hic est liber quem perdidī.
14.What cities has he taken?
Quās urbēs cēpit?
15.By whom was he killed?
Ā quō interfectus est?
16. Am I not your father?
Nōnne pater tuus sum?
17. He did not say that, did he?
Num id dīxit?
18. She is not the woman, whose son was present.
Ea nōn est mulier cuius fīlius aderat.
19. What city do I see?
Quam urbem videō?
20. What man's house have you bought?
Cuius virī domum ēmistī?
to be present, adesse.
lose, perdēre.
present, dōnum.
buy, emere.
dear, cārus.
woman, mulier.
house, domus.
Exercise E.
FACTITIVE VERBS;
VERBS GOVERNING TWO ACCUSATIVES.
1. The people elected Pompey consul.
Populus Pompēium cōnsulem creāvit.
2. Marius, who was often elected consul, was a great general.
Marius, quī cōnsulem saepe creābat, dux magnus fuit.
3. You have often asked me for advice, which I cannot give you.
Saepe ā mē cōnsilium rogāvistī, quod tibi dare non possum. ( A double accusative construction with rogāre is possible but less good Latin.)
4. He was thought a good general by all.
Dux bonus ab omnibus esse putābātur.
5. You wished to conceal the sword from me, but it was given me by the slave.
Gladium mē cēlāre volēbās sed mihi ā servō datus est.
6. You have been taught many things by your master.
Multās rēs ā magistrō doctus es.
7. Did I not teach you Greek?
Nōnne tē linguam Graecam docuī
8. The general asked the consul for the soldiers.
Dux ā cōnsule mīlitēs rogāvit. ( A double accusative construction with rogāre is possible but less good Latin.)
9. Marius, who became the enemy of Sulla, killed many Roman
citizens.
Marius, quī hostis Sullae factus est, multōs cīvēs Romanōs interfēcit.
10. You and I will hide this from our friends.
Ego et tū hoc amīcōs cēlābimus.
11. He, having been made king, did not ask his people for advice.
Is, rēx crēatus, ā populō cōnsilium nōn rogāvit.
(Is, rēx crēatus, populum cōnsilium nōn rogāvit. Double accusative less idiomatic)
12. We were asked for the sword, which we had concealed from our father.
Gladium rogātī sumus, quem patrem nostrum cēlāverāmus.
13. I was asked by Caius for a sword.
Gladium ā Cāiō rogātus sum.
14. They were thought to be very wise.
Sapientissimī esse putābantur
15. I hid from Caius the sword for which you asked me.
Gladium Cāium cēlāvi, quem ā mē rogāvistī
16. Were you not taught Greek by your master?
Nōnne linguam Graecam ā tuō magistrō doctus es?
17. They became consuls, because they were thought to be wise.
Cōnsulēs factī sunt quia sapientēs putābantur.
18. Why did you hide this from Caius?
Cūr hoc Cāium cēlāvistī?
19. You, who did this, were not elected consul by the citizens.
Tū, quī hoc fēcistī, cōnsul nōn creātus es ā cīvibus.
20. The man, whom you asked for advice, has taught me many things.
Vir, ā quō cōnsilium rogāvistī, multās rēs mē docuit.
( Vir, quem cōnsilium rogāvistī, multās rēs mē docuit Double accusative with rogāre less good, see also 11.)
ask, rogare.
teach, docēre.
hide, conceal, cēlare.
elect, creare.
consul, consul, -sulis.
advice, consilium,
Greek (language), Graeca lingua
friend, amīcus.
people, populus.
sword, gladius.
wise, sapiens.
because, quod.
Exercise F.
DATIVE OF POSSESSOR;
SIMPLE USES OF SE, SUUS, IPSE, IS.
1.He killed himself with his own sword.
Sē suō gladiō interfēcit.
2. He has a garden which was given him by his friend.
Hortum habet, quī eī ab amīcō eius datus est. (Hortus eī est, quī… is also possible)
3. He bought the house for himself and his wife.
Sibī uxōrīque domum ēmit. (is ipse correct here?)
4. I have never seen him himself, but I have seen his children.
Eum ipsum numquam vīdī, vīdī tamen līberōs (eius).
5. His children ask him for bread, which he cannot give them.
Līberī eius pānem ab eō rogant, quem eīs dare nōn potest. (double accusative possible but less good ie Līberī eius pānem eum rogant..)
6. He has given his children the bread which they asked him for.
Pānem līberīs suīs dedit quem ab eō rogāvērunt. ( double accusative possible but less good “quem eum rogāvērunt”)
7. They have ships and sailors, but they have not many
harbours.
Nāvēs nautāsque habent multōs portūs (tamen) nōn habent. ( Nāvēs nautaeque eīs, multī portūs eīs nōn sunt.)
8. He wished to conceal his opinion from me, but I asked his friends.
Sententiam suam mē cēlāre volēbat, sed amīcōs eius rogāvī.
9. You Gauls fear Caesar and his army.
Vōs Gallī Caesarem et exercitum eius timētis.
10. He led his army against the Gauls, and took their camp.
Exercitum suum contrā Gallōs dūxit et castra eōrum cēpit.
11. The citizens themselves wished to make him consul.
Cīvēs ipsī eum cōnsulem creāre volēbant.
12. We have many friends, whom we do not often see.
Multi amīcī nōbīs sunt, quōs nōn saepe vidēmus.
13. I myself will give you his sword.
Ego ipse tibi gladium eius dabō.
14. We ourselves have many ships.
Nōs ipsī multās nāvēs habēmus.
( Multae nāvēs nōbīs ipsīs sunt.)
15. He himself gave me his own sword.
Is ipse gladium suum mihi dedit.
16. I killed him, because he wished to make himself king.
Eum interfēcī quia sē rēgem creāre volēbat.
17. I had many friends once, but now I have few.
Ōlim multī amīcī mihi erant, nunc autem paucī mihi sunt
18. I asked you for their bread.
Tē pānem eōrum rogāvī.
19. They gave us their sailors and ships.
Nōbīs nautās nāvēsque eōrum dedērunt.
20. We ourselves have been taught many things by him.
Nōs ipsī multās rēs ab eō doctī sumusgarden, hortus, -i.
buy, emere.
wife, uxor, ōris.
children, liberi.
bread, pānis, -is m.
harbour, portus, ūs.
opinion, sententia.
fear, tīmēre.
once, ōlim, quondam.
few, pauci.
sailor, nauta m.
Exercise G.
ABLATIVE OF CAUSE;
WORDS GOVERNING ABLATIVE.
1. A state which has a good king enjoys peace.
Cīvitās quae rēgem bonum habet pāce fruitur.
2. Relying on the courage of his soldiers, he led them against
the enemy.
Frētus virtūte mīlitum (suōrum) contrā hostēs eōs dūxit.
3. They died of fear.
Timōre mortuī sunt.
4. Oxen feed on grass, and lions on flesh.
Bovēs herbā, leōnēs carne vēscuntur.
5. We use riches, and wish to get possession of them.
Dīvitiīs ūtimur eīsque potīrī volumus.
6. Relying on his wings, Mercury had no need of a ship.
Frētō ālīs, Mercuriō nāve nōn opus erat.
7. A man who performs his duty is worthy of praise.
Vir quī officiō fungitur dignus laude est.
8. The enemy wish to get possession of our camp.
Hostēs castrīs (nostrīs) potīrī volunt.
9. Through his help I can now use my sword.
Auxiliō eius nunc gladiō meō possum ūtī.
10. We have need of the soldiers we have asked him for.
Nōbīs mīlitibus opus est quōs ab eō rogāvimus.
11. A man who is contented with little is worthy of a happy life.
Vir quī contentus parvō, dignus beātā vitā est.
12. We shall often use the books which you have given us.
Saepe librīs ūtēmur quōs nōbīs dedistī.
13. You seem to me to be worthy of praise.
Mihi dignus laude esse vidēris.
14. We have no need of these ships.
Nōbīs hīs nāvibus nōn opus est.
15. They attacked the city, relying on the courage of their
soldiers.
Urbem aggressī sunt, frētī virtūte mīlitum.
16. I did this through the advice of Caius.
Hoc cōnsiliō Cāiī fēcit.
17. By this courage he took the city.
Hāc virtūte urbem cēpit.
18. Did you use the riches which were given you?
Nōnne dīvitiīs ūsus es quae tibi datae sunt?
Ūsusne es dīvitiīs quae tibi datae sunt?
19. Many men have died of hunger.
Multī fame mortuī sunt. (omit virī?)
20. You, who perform your duties well, have many friends.
Vōs quī officiīs bene fungiminī multōs amīcōs habētis.
(For words which govern the ablative see Vocabulary 42.)
state, cīvitas.
die, mori.
flesh, cāro, carnis.
riches, dīvitiae.
wing, āla.
duty, officium.
help, auxilium.
little (noun), parvum (neuter of parvus).
happy, beātus.
book, liber, -bri.
often, saepe.
hunger, fāmes.
Exercise H.
EASY PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES.
1. Among the captives.
Inter captīvōs.
2. At the house of Caius.
Apud Cāium.
3. Over and above the dowry.
Super dōtem.
4. Before his feet.
ante pedēs
5. Without a ransom
sine pretiō
6. From him.
ex eō
7. With his friends.
cum amīcīs
8. With you.
tēcum
9. Because of his age
propter aetātem eius
10. Owing to his joy
propter gaudium eius
11. Through fear.
E metū (Per timōrem)
12. Kind towards the poor.
Benignus ergā pauperēs.
13. To advance towards the city.
prōgredī ad urbem
14. Through the river.
per flūmen
15. In the presence of the king.
Cōram rēge
16. Through scouts
Per explōrātōrēs
17. By the king.
Ā rēge
18. From the fame of his deeds.
Ex fāmā rērum gestārum eius.
19. From that time.
ex eō tempore.
20. Out of the bravest soldiers.
Ē mīlitibus fortissimīs
21. He was sent to him with gifts.
Cum dōnīs eī missus est.
22. As hostages.
ut obsidēs
23. For so great a service.
prō tantō meritō.
24. Instead of horses.
prō equīs
25. On the nearest hill.
in colle proximō
26. Into his alliance. (but does this mean enter into an alliance with him?)
in societātem eius or in societātem cum ēo?
27. Under the general himself.
Sub duce ipsō
28. At my house.
Apud mē
29. To go under the earth.
sub terram īre (acc motion)
30. About terms of peace.
dē condiciōnibus pācis
31. Before a year.
ante ūnum annum
32. Round about the city.
circum et circa urbem (Circumcirca, round about, does not belong to classical prose, which uses instead of it circum et circa)
33. On this side of the mountains.
cis montēs
34. Besides the messenger.
praeter nūntium
35. Except the poet.
praeter poētam
36. Against Antiochus.
Contrā Antiochum
37. About a thousand men.
circiter mille hominēs
38. Around the mountain.
circum montem
39. Within the camp.
in castrīs
40. Outside the gates.
extrā portās
41. Below the city walls.
infrā moenia urbis
42. In the power of the enemy.
in manū hostium
43. Behind the horsemen.
post equitēs
44. According to the laws.
dē lēgibus
45. Contrary to the laws.
contrā lēgēs
46. Adjoining the camp.
juxtā castra
47. As far as his head.
capite tenus
48. Near the garden.
prope hortum
49. The army was sent under the yoke.
exercitus sub jugum missus est.
50. It lies under your eyes.
sub oculīs tuīs iacet
captive, captīvus.
scout, explōrātor.
dowry, dōs; gen. dōtis.
gift, dōnum.
terms, condiciōnēs.
messenger, nūntius.
poet, poeta , m.
horseman, eques.
garden, hortus.
yoke, iugum.
lie, iacere.
ransom, pretium.
age, aetās.
joy, gaudium.
fear, metus, ūs.
poor, pauper.
hostage, obses; gen. obsidis.
service, meritum.
nearest, proximus.
alliance, societās
Exercise K.
PREPOSITIONS.
1. He came into the city with ten soldiers.
In urbem cum decem mīlitibus vēnit.
2. After one night he set out against the enemy.
Post ūnam noctem contrā hostēs profectus est.
3. In front of the house there is a field.
Ante domum est ager.
4. I cannot go across the sea without ships.
Sine nāvibus trans mare nōn possum īre.
Sine nāvibus mare transnāvigāre nōn possum.
5. He was killed by his brother at a feast, amid all his friends.
In convīviō inter amīcōs ā frātre interfectus est
6. He spoke to me about your house in your presence.
Dē domū tuā mihi cōram tē locūtus est. (Dē domō…)
7. He went round about the city, and saw the walls.
Per urbem circuit et moenia vīdit.
8. He came towards me, and called out, "Who is in the city?"
Ad mē vēnit et clamāvit "Quis est in urbe?"
9. The camp is on this side of the river, the army is beyond
the city.
Castra cis flūmen sunt, exercitus ultrā urbem.
10. On account of the war no one goes outside the gates.
Propter bellum nēmo extrā portās ēgreditur
11. Besides these men we have no army in the city.
Praeter hōs nūllum exercitum in urbe habēmus.
12. We saw him on the road.
In viā eum vīdimus.
13. He was brought by the soldiers into the presence of the king.
Ante rēgem ā mīlitibus adductus est.
14. They escaped from prison without my knowledge.
Insciō mē ex carcere ēlāpsī sunt
15. They sailed past the island in a boat.
In lintre praeter īnsulam nāvigāvērunt.
16. We sailed as far as Spain (Hispania).
Hispaniā tenus nāvigāvimus
17. They live near the island of Corsica.
Prope īnsulam Corsicam incolunt
18. He did this in sight of all.
Palam omnibus hoc fēcit.
19. I did this because of my friendship towards you.
Propter amīcitiam ergā tē hoc fecī.
20. Were you not going towards the city?
Nōnne ad urbem ībātis?
21. Men who live underground.
Hominēs quī sub terrā habitant.
22. He led an army over the mountains against the enemy.
Super montēs exercitum in hostēs dūxit.
23. After the battle they were killed outside the city walls in the presence of their friends.
Post proelium extrā moenia cōram amīcīs interfectī sunt.
24. Before daybreak they came close to (under) the walls of the town.
Ante prīmam lūcem sub moenibus urbis appropinquāvērunt.
25. I killed him after these things, not on account of them.
Post haec nōn propter haec eum interfēcī.
field, ager; gen. agri.
boat, linter; gen. lintris, f.
feast, cēna.
friendship, amicitia.
prison, carcer, -is.
daybreak, prima lux.
sail, navigare.
Persuade tibi hoc sic esse, ut scribo: quaedam tempora eripiuntur nobis, quaedam subducuntur, quaedam effluunt. Turpissima tamen est iactura, quae per neglegentiam fit. Et si volueris attendere, maxima pars vitae elabitur male agentibus, magna nihil agentibus, tota vita aliud agentibus.
